????????? (S) - ?????
... ????. ? ????????????????????????. ??????? ... cours are all concerned with preparing the members of the class for an ... 
??????????????????? ? ? ? ?????? ...???????????????????????????????????????. ????????????????????????????????????? ... ?????????????????? - researchmap?????. ????????????????????. ????????19????20???????. ?????????????????????. ?????? ??? ????? - ????????????????????????????????????? 1708?. ??????????????????????????? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? - ??????????(2010).????????????. ???????????????????. ????????.??????????. ???43(2), 477-482 ... 2020?? A?????(A1?A2) ????[??????]???????2020 ??? A ??????????????? 1?2 ???????????????????????. ?????????????????? ... ????????? ???????45? 3? ????????????7??????????????????. ?? ??????????????????????????????????. ????? - ????????????????????????????????(1994):????????????. 1586 ??????????????47?73-77. ????????? ... ??????? - ????????? [1978] ??????(1)??????????????? ??? ... ????????????????????, ??????????? ... ?????? ??49??1974??????????????????????????????????????. ??????????????????????????????????????. ???????????????????????????????????????????????????. 14 ????????? 1 ??????????????????????????? ?????????????????? 44????(??193?)????????. Page 5. ??4. ????????????????????????????????. ???? 9?. ????????????? ... Améliorer la performance industrielle par une meilleure gestion des ...... Gate method used in big companies. Innovation culture and team structures. Innovation process: Lead-user method. Innovation process: Learning from the.